Current society meets the critical crisis. The fundamental cause of modern society crisis is the modern view of world. Modern society accomplished very much, but nowadays serious problems occur. Construction of post-modern view of world is the only solution to solve the modern society crisis and to jump to a new civilization. In constructing the new world view, East Asian thoughts involve many useful resources. Human being is regarded as a cosmos who involve the whole cosmos. Also human can realize himself and all beings as the whole cosmos. In terms of post-modern world view, everything is related and one involves the other in himself. One can exist only by the being of the other and they help each other. Post-modern world view can provide the vision of post-modern society and the way how we can reach to post-modern society. The way how to reach to post-modern society is mind training. By mind training, we can be a post-modern man and post-modern society is composed of post-modern man. Post-modern society is very peaceful and full of love. Post-modern society has no center but every part of society is center. Post-modern society is harmonious multi-cultural society.

The Purpose of this study is to explore possibilities of Buddhist perspective as a alternative to social problems in modern society. To achieve the goal, this study compared Buddhist perspective with typical sociological perspectives and tried to find the superiority to solve social problems. The findings of this study are as follows. Above all, the study found that, meanwhile typical sociological perspectives have the superiority to solve social conditions of human life, Buddhist perspective has the predominance to solve the heart(or mind) of actors. Also this study found some features of Buddhist perspective attritive to its predominance. (1) Buddhist perspective regard the greed, hatred, and selfishness as causes of social problems. (2) Buddhist perspective look at crime, poisoning, violence and terror, extreme poverty as prime social problems. (3) In solving social problems, Buddhist perspective look forward to a certain voluntary and ethical control of a person oneself which is originated to effect of mind control. These characteristics of Buddhist perspective are anticipated to supplement the theory of risk society based individualism at the theoretical side, and at the practical side those are expected to have effects to prevent against social problem itself.

Everyone wonders for the future. Desire to know the future is akin to instinct. People's behavior of attempting to predict his daily life, fate, and the future is very natural and universal. Wide-spread various type of divination, in modern society so called time of crisis, influences Korean's daily life hugely. Considering from the internal point of view, excluding the negative prejudice about divination, one may face the skill of divination as a analytics on daily life and fate and an important means of overcoming crisis. Social aspect of Korea, described as 'Republic of the art of divination', causes many issues in the perspective of industrial sociology. And it brings about the need to look into the social function of divination. In today's era of neo-nomad, divination functions as an important means of '피흉추길( : escaping misfortune and pursuing good luck). As the crisis of life increases, the influence of divination -as a skill of crisis escape- also increases. For that reason, the sociological analysis of divination is significant.

After the industrialization of the 1970’s, the traditional local Communities have been dismantled in Korean society. In particular, the villages mean an area for board and lodge in the city. Many people move the area of residence at regular intervals. The distance between workplace and home is increased. The house was separated from his life; the village became separated from family life. So some people understand housing only in terms of investment. The village that does not play a role as the community became the places where projecting the desire for wealth. And the problems - the disappearance of local tradition and the dismantlement of village community, domestic unrest, etc - turned out to be clear. As the result of reflection about those problems, the village community building projects began in several municipalities. These projects are aiming to restore the village to the community in terms such as the social economy, social capital, citizenship, the publicness etc. There are need to examine about the historical changes and meaning of Community for the rebuilding of a sustainable village communities. This paper started with a reflection and concern about the values and ethics of the community ethics. Then, this paper examines the Appearance of the community that the village community building project is pursued. Then, this paper examines the Appearance of the community that the village community building project is pursued. And this paper studies the community that ancestors had experienced and had thought. Finally, it briefly reviews how the two communities were handed down.

Since the beginning of modernity, sociology has constantly emphasized active roles of the scientific knowledge, as a key for social development and progress, in correcting the ignorance of the public. On the other hand, ignorance or non-knowledge has been devalued as deviation from the 'true' knowledge or a variant of ideology dependent on the individual interests. The knowledge optimism of the general public, which has spreaded extensively since the Enlightenment era, and the demand for 'true' knowledge of the academia have recently shown a sign of dramatic reversal largely due to controversy on the validity and effectiveness of the scientific knowledge. It is likely to be associated with that signs of ecological crisis that can aggravate the skepticism on the scientific progress and effectiveness of scientific knowledge, such as depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, the emergence and spread of genetically modified organisms, and the like, has been clearer over time and that the paradox of increasing non-knowledge in proportion to the increase of scientific knowledge is becoming visible. Thus, even those who have advocated the emergence of the knowledge society for long are turning to the proliferation of the non-knowledge phenomenon and new challenges that it would bring about. Furthermore, attention to the value and benefits of ignorance, non-knowledge, the unknown, the knowledge absence, invisibility, privacy, which are in antagonistic relations with knowledge, has increased significantly. This article attempts to review various theoretical perspectives and issues on the non-knowledge, examines their sociological implications, and propose avenues for future discourses. Results indicated that sociological studies of non-knowledge can be traced back to Georg Zimmel's classical discussion on the functions of the secret, which influenced the phenomenological sociologists' microscopic study on the world of everyday life, research on non-knowledge in the sociology of science as well as in sociology of scientific knowledge, and, most recently, the attempts to build a social theory of non-knowledge. Through these evolutionary trajectories, non-knowledge is gradually establishing itself not only as a core agenda that opens new horizons, also a key concept that can lead to a paradigm shift in the sociology of knowledge.

During the 18~19th centuries Western culture started to move in East Asia. Therefore, it was more important than ever to make efforts in order to protect the eastern cultural identity from the growing influence of the Western culture. In fact, the traditional values were gradually starting to fade away at that time. Establishing the relationship with another party (the West) was a very sensitive issue when the Western Civilization had just started to move in. It was important to consider political and economic influence. A sudden changes resulted in the conflict between the East and the West which caused confusion in values. It was a period of tremendous change in many areas. most of all, the way people think has rapidly changed existing value system started to fall and didn't work any more People who emphasized the sense of cultural independence tried to firmly maintain the existing value system, while there were other people who argued for the change by accepting the Western culture. These two parties confronted each other. The Japanese concept ‘National Polity’ was systemized in 18th century by MOTOORI NORINAGA ( ) who belongs to the school of national learning. It destroyed the traditional Sino-centrism point of 中華(Zhonghua) and built a new ‘Cultural Imperialism 中華(Zhonghua)’ concept of their own. The Japanese idea of Centralism has its basis of ‘culture (hua)’ on the military prestige(武威) as well as the ‘divine land (神國)’ where the Japanese emperor reigns. According to them, the Japanese Cultural Imperialism is a true cultural imperialism 中華(Zhonghua) as they have succeeded the authentic and divine Emperor (天皇) system continuously. Such new concept of ‘cultural imperialism Zhonghua(中華)’ have significance because it is an ideological rearmament caused by the Western cultural impact. Although Japan has accepted the idea of following chinese culture just as it is at the begining they started to distinguish themselves from the existing concept by defining the power of Japanese culture with the concept of ‘Warrior Nation (武國) at the same time insisting the theory of Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors. Together with the traditional Sino-centrism which strictly distinguishes Chinese 華(hua) from the barbarians 夷(yi), the idea of ‘Divine land(神國)’ has developed the idea of Japanese National Polity which includes the elements of nationalism. In contrast, Joseon's 中華主義(Zhonghuazhuyi) has its basis on the sense of cultural independence of Joseon from china and it is different from Japan sin they divided 화 and 이 and consider themselves as part of 華(hua) not 夷(yi) It is a breakaway from the traditional Sino-centrism. During the period between the premodern and modern era, Japan was interested in gaining practical power, unlike Joseon and China. From a wider point of view, it made easier for Japan to be sperated from Chinese idea of 華夷(huayi) idea when they had started to conflict with the modern European international relations In other words, it is leaving asia to enter westenworld (an argument for leaving Asia / 脫亞入歐), which is away from general value and ideology of the Eastern Asia but follows the modern European imperialism. however, from Joseon’s point of view, it only meant the degradation of Japan to 倭夷 (japan-barbarian) by being in the same sade with the Western countries.

Institution may result in unexpected outcomes that the creator of institution originally planned to make, because institution has a nature, which makes individuals respond positively or negatively with institution. This research aims at understanding the relationship between agents and institutions with a case of cultural policy of the Japanese Government General of Korea. Cultural Policy of the Government General was another domination policy which aimed at ruling efficiently and effectively. The policy aimed at making Koreans loyal subjects to Japan, but Koreans responses were different from its original goals. Media and Education policies of Japan planned to make Koreans negate their past and build Japanese oriented and obedient society in the Korean peninsula. However, Korean intellectuals and people learned modern social scientific knowledges from schools and academic institutions and utilized their knowledge to resist Japan. Korean medias like newspapers and journals played their roles in distributing scientific knowledge and visions for other Koreans. Academic association, research association, academic group inside schools were a kind of public sphere in which many intellectuals from across various groups communicated with one another for future Koreans vision. The new policy of the Government General influenced on the growth of social science studies.

Life insurance market is a unique domain where two contrasting principles dominate: one is the “irrationality” of love for families and aspiration to control the unpredictable life and death which are fundamentally divine, and the other is the “rationality,” of which aim is to exploit the maximum profits. Among contested views on life insurance, this article scrutinizes how the existing literature has approached the life insurance market and to flesh out its development mechanism. To test the explanatory capacity of the existing approaches, it applies them to the development trajectory of the life insurance market in S. Korea and traces the specificities of the Korean case that they fail to explain, focused on families and women. In other words, it aims to examine what is the missing links in understanding the life insurance market in general. Based on the findings, the article ascribes a new significance to life insurance market: it should be viewed as an institutionalized sector of family realities rather than a mere financial market where only the economic rationality reigns.

Nowadays many Koreans use both kinds of medical services which are Western medicine and Korean traditional medicine. And many hospitals provide integrated medical service. But medical care system and medical policy for integrated use of Western medicine and Korean traditional medicine is not completed. Therefore, confusion of medical consumer, duplicated diagnosis, and over treatment often occur. Lately Western medicine which occupies the medical hegemony leads the trend of integrated medicine. But because Western medicine and Korean traditional medicine has developed independently, it's very difficult that Korean medicine manages the new trend. In this paper, we have investigated the recognition for integrated medicine, the necessity of integrated medicine, the awareness of the diseases which need the treatment of integrated medicine to medical doctors and nurses of Keimyung Dongsan Medical Center. The purpose of research is to develop the integrated medical model which fits to the need of medical consumers. This research has some limitations like the restriction of pollee and the limited numbers of sample. But this research can be the basic work to develop the integrated medical model.

This study pays a special attention to the findings of Education Poll 2015 by Korean Educational Development Institute. It shows that (1) the proportion of parents who think that the children's education has been successful ‘if they do what they want to do and if they do what they like to do’, rose substantially and (2) the proportion of parents who would look for alternative education outside of formal school system if their children refuse to go to a regular school, is the majority. In order to explore what has been happening behind this change, the present study trace out parents’ choice for the children’s education that has dominated the education of Korea and the education policy that has responded to it, and discuss what the new education means in today’s Korea. The baby boomers in Korean society is a generation which experienced how advantageous she or he is if one is a university graduate. Not only beneficiaries of higher education but also those who witnessed its advantages from persons around them internalized credentialism - a strong belief in the power of higher education for success. Such baby boomers actively participated in industrialization and economic growth of the South Korean society and their educational fever helped many of their children, called echo-generation, to attain higher education. However, selfish efforts of individual family and fierce competition between them paradoxically resulted in providing cheap but high quality labor force to the corporate in Korea society in aggregate. Echo-generation has been placed in a different opportunity structure of life with the advent of the knowledge society and in a different socioeconomic environment from that of the baby boomers. So, the fate of baby boomers who has received the education that the era of industrial economy requires for the sake of getting a job, must be different from that of echo-generation who live in the era of the knowledge economy. While education is not only for the economy, this study discusses why the era of the knowledge economy ironically requires ‘the ability to learn’ and ‘the ability to question’ in contrast with compliance and ability to answer that the education of the industrial economy era mainly aimed at. And the study discusses why the older generation needs to recognize the potential of the current youth generation for our society and why the current education needs to be completely changed.